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Chemical biomarkers in the central nervous system can provide valuable quantitative measures to gain insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Glutamate, one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain, has been found to be upregulated in various neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, chronic pain, and migraines. However, quantitatively monitoring glutamate release in situ has been challenging. This work presents a novel class of flexible, miniaturized probes inspired by biofuel cells for monitoring synaptically released glutamate in the nervous system. The resulting sensors, with dimensions as low as 50 by 50 μm, can detect real‐time changes in glutamate within the biologically relevant concentration range. Experiments exploiting the hippocampal circuit in mice models demonstrate the capability of the sensors in monitoring glutamate release via electrical stimulation using acute brain slices. These advances could aid in basic neuroscience studies and translational engineering, as the sensors provide a diagnostic tool for neurological disorders. Additionally, adapting the biofuel cell design to other neurotransmitters can potentially enable the detailed study of the effect of neurotransmitter dysregulation on neuronal cell signaling pathways and revolutionize neuroscience.

Chemical biomarkers in the central nervous system can provide valuable quantitative measures to gain insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Glutamate, one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain, has been found to be upregulated in various neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, chronic pain, and migraines. However, quantitatively monitoring glutamate release in situ has been challenging. This work presents a novel class of flexible, miniaturized probes inspired by biofuel cells for monitoring synaptically released glutamate in the nervous system. The resulting sensors, with dimensions as low as 50 by 50 μm, can detect real‐time changes in glutamate within the biologically relevant concentration range. Experiments exploiting the hippocampal circuit in mice models demonstrate the capability of the sensors in monitoring glutamate release via electrical stimulation using acute brain slices. These advances could aid in basic neuroscience studies and translational engineering, as the sensors provide a diagnostic tool for neurological disorders. Additionally, adapting the biofuel cell design to other neurotransmitters can potentially enable the detailed study of the effect of neurotransmitter dysregulation on neuronal cell signaling pathways and revolutionize neuroscience.

Wearable electronics play important roles in noninvasive, continuous, and personalized monitoring of multiple biosignals generated by the body. To unleash their full potential for the next‐generation human‐centered bio‐integrated electronics, wireless sensing capability is a desirable feature. However, state‐of‐the‐art wireless sensing technologies exploit rigid and bulky electronic modules for power supply, signal generation, and data transmission. This study reports a battery‐free device technology based on a “two‐part” resonance circuit model with modularized, physically separated, and detachable functional units for magnetic coupling and biosensing. The resulting platform combines advantages of electronics and microfluidics with low cost, minimized form factors, and improved performance stability. Demonstration of a detachable sweat patch capable of simultaneous recording of cortisol concentration, pH value, and temperature highlights the potential of the “two‐part” circuit for advanced, transformative biosensing. The resulting wireless sensors provide a new engineering solution to monitoring biosignals through intimate and seamless integration with skin surfaces.

Recently, 2D electron gases have been observed in atomically thin semiconducting crystals, enabling the observation of rich physical phenomena at the quantum level within the ultimate thickness limit. However, the observation of 2D electron gases and subsequent quantum Hall effect require exceptionally high crystalline quality, rendering mechanical exfoliation as the only method to produce high‐quality 2D semiconductors of black phosphorus and indium selenide (InSe), which hinder large‐scale device applications. Here, the controlled one‐step synthesis of high‐quality 2D InSe thin films via chemical vapor transport method is reported. The carrier Hall mobility of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) encapsulated InSe flakes can be up to 5000 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹at 1.5 K, enabling to observe the quantum Hall effect in a synthesized van der Waals semiconductor. The existence of the quantum Hall effect in directly synthesized 2D semiconductors indicates a high quality of the chemically synthesized 2D semiconductors, which hold promise in quantum devices and applications with high mobility.